Improving solution characteristics of particle swarm optimization through the use of digital pheromones, parallelization, and graphical processing units (GPUs)
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چکیده
Optimization has its foundations dating back to the days of Newton, Lagrange, Cauchy, and Leibnitz when differential calculus methods were developed to minimize and maximize analytical functions. Substantial progress in optimization became more prominent in the mid to late twentieth century when digital computers showed promise in offloading analytical problem solving into numerical methods through computer code for faster evaluations of
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